Various psychological learning theories deeply impact instructional design (ID). These encompass behaviourist theories, which focus on observable behaviours and the use of rewards and reinforcements; cognitive theories, which examine the internal mental processes involved in learning, such as memory, problem-solving, and decision-making; and constructivist theories, which emphasise the active role of learners in constructing their understanding and knowledge through experience and reflection. ID theories are critical in developing effective ID practices for creating meaningful and immersive educational experiences.